Small overlap front
The small overlap front evaluation consists of a driver-side and a passenger-side component. If the results of the two evaluations differ, then the combined small overlap rating is equal to the lower rating.
Driver-side
- Rating applies to 2021-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2021 Hyundai Elantra SE 4-door
The Hyundai Elantra was redesigned for the 2021 model year. Driver-side small overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test of a 2021 Elantra conducted by Hyundai as part of frontal crash test verification.
| Overall driver-side evaluation | G |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | G |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | G |
| Chest | G |
| Hip/thigh | G |
| Lower leg/foot | A |
| Driver restraints and dummy kinematics | G |
Technical measurements for this test
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | VTN2015 |
|---|---|
| Lower occupant compartment | |
| Lower hinge pillar max (cm) | 4 |
| Footrest (cm) | 6 |
| Left toepan (cm) | 3 |
| Brake pedal (cm) | 1 |
| Parking brake (cm) | |
| Rocker panel lateral average (cm) | 1 |
| Upper occupant compartment | |
| Steering column | 0 |
| Upper hinge pillar max (cm) | 2 |
| Upper dash (cm) | 3 |
| Lower instrument panel (cm) | 2 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | VTN2015 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 122 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 1.2 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 20 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.23 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 30 |
| Femur (kN) | |
| Left | 1.4 |
| Right | 0.1 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | |
| Left | 0.62 |
| Right | 0.45 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | |
| Left | 4.5 |
| Right | 1.7 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 126 |
| Right | 85 |
Passenger-side
- Rating applies to 2021-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2021 Hyundai Elantra SE 4-door
The Hyundai Elantra was redesigned for the 2021 model year. Passenger-side small overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test of a 2021 Elantra conducted by Hyundai as part of frontal crash test verification.
| Overall passenger-side evaluation | G |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | G |
| Passenger injury measures | |
| Head/neck | G |
| Chest | G |
| Hip/thigh | G |
| Lower leg/foot | G |
| Passenger restraints and dummy kinematics The dummy’s head contacted the right side of the frontal airbag but began to slide into the gap in coverage between the frontal and side curtain airbags, leaving the head vulnerable to contact with forward structure. The inflated side curtain airbag has sufficient forward coverage to protect the head from contact with side structure and outside objects. | A |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | G |
| Chest | G |
| Hip/thigh | G |
| Lower leg/foot | G |
| Driver restraints and dummy kinematics | G |
Technical measurements for this test
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on passenger side
| Test ID | VTP2020 |
|---|---|
| Lower occupant compartment | |
| Lower hinge pillar max (cm) | 5 |
| Footrest (cm) | 7 |
| Right toepan (cm) | 3 |
| Center toepan (cm) | 2 |
| Rocker panel lateral average (cm) | 1 |
| Upper occupant compartment | |
| Center dash (cm) | 2 |
| Upper hinge pillar max (cm) | 2 |
| Upper dash (cm) | 4 |
| Right lower dash (cm) | 4 |
Passenger injury measures
| Test ID | VTP2020 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 143 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 1.4 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 11 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.22 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 27 |
| Femur (kN) | |
| Left | 0.1 |
| Right | 0.2 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | |
| Left | 0.37 |
| Right | 0.62 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | |
| Left | 0.9 |
| Right | 1.6 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 32 |
| Right | 48 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | VTP2020 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 67 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.8 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 15 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.14 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 34 |
| Femur (kN) | |
| Left | 0.2 |
| Right | 0.2 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | |
| Left | 0.31 |
| Right | 0.29 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | |
| Left | 0.3 |
| Right | 0.5 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 40 |
| Right | 48 |
How the small overlap front test is conducted
Moderate overlap front: original test
Rating applies to 2021-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2021 Hyundai Elantra SE 4-door
The Hyundai Elantra was redesigned for the 2021 model year. Moderate overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test of a 2021 Elantra conducted by Hyundai as part of frontal crash test verification.
| Overall evaluation | G |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | G |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | G |
| Chest | G |
| Leg/foot, left | G |
| Leg/foot, right | G |
| Driver restraints and dummy kinematics | G |
Technical measurements for this test
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | VTF2020 |
|---|---|
| Footwell intrusion | |
| Footrest (cm) | 5 |
| Left (cm) | 9 |
| Center (cm) | 6 |
| Right (cm) | 4 |
| Brake pedal (cm) | 7 |
| Instrument panel rearward movement | |
| Left (cm) | 0 |
| Right (cm) | 1 |
| Steering column movement | |
| Upward (cm) | -2 |
| Rearward (cm) | -5 |
| A-pillar rearward movement (cm) | 0 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | VTF2020 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 153 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.9 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 6 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.19 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 32 |
| Legs | |
| Femurforce - left(kN) | 0.6 |
| Femurforce - right(kN) | 0.9 |
| Kneedisplacement - left(mm) | 0 |
| Knee displacement - right (mm) | 0 |
| Maximumtibiaindex - left | 0.32 |
| Maximumtibiaindex - right | 0.28 |
| Tibia axialforce - left(kN) | 2.5 |
| Tibia axialforce - right(kN) | 2.0 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 42 |
| Right | 46 |
How the moderate overlap front test is conducted
Moderate overlap front: updated test
Rating applies to 2024 models
Tested vehicle: 2024 Hyundai Elantra SEL 4-door
The Hyundai Elantra was redesigned for the 2021 model year.
| Overall evaluation | M |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | G |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | G |
| Chest | G |
| Thigh/hip | G |
| Leg/foot | G |
| Driver restraints and dummy kinematics | G |
| Rear passenger injury measures | |
| Head/neck | G |
| Chest | G |
| Thigh | G |
| Rear passenger restraints and dummy kinematics | P |
View of the vehicle after the crash showing the airbags and damage to the occupant compartment.
The rear passenger dummy's head remained a safe distance from the front seatback.
Rear passenger dummy injury values indicate a low risk of injury to the head or neck and chest. During the crash, the shoulder belt moved too far upward toward the dummy’s neck, compromising the effectiveness of the rear restraint system.
The rear passenger dummy's lap belt moved from the ideal position on the pelvis onto the abdomen, increasing the risk of abdominal injuries.
Technical measurements for this test
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | CEF2404 |
|---|---|
| Footwell intrusion | |
| Footrest (cm) | 5 |
| Left (cm) | 9 |
| Center (cm) | 8 |
| Right (cm) | 4 |
| Brake pedal (cm) | 4 |
| Instrument panel rearward movement | |
| Left (cm) | 1 |
| Right (cm) | 1 |
| Steering column movement | |
| Upward (cm) | -2 |
| Rearward (cm) | -5 |
| A-pillar rearward movement (cm) | 0 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | CEF2404 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 129 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.9 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 12 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.20 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 30 |
| Femur (kN) | |
| Left | 0.1 |
| Right | 0.1 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | |
| Left | 0.29 |
| Right | 0.38 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | |
| Left | 2.6 |
| Right | 1.4 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 59 |
| Right | 57 |
Rear passenger injury measures
| Test ID | CEF2404 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 for head contact during forward excursion | no contact |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 1.7 |
| Compression (kN) | 0.5 |
| Maximum Nij for head contact during forward excursion | no contact |
| Chest | |
| Chest index | 34 |
| Shoulder belt tension (kN) | 3.4 |
| Thigh (kN) | |
| Left femur compression | 0.4 |
| Right femur compression | 0.5 |
How the updated moderate overlap front test is conducted
February 2024 adjustment to rating criteria
Side: updated test
Rating applies to 2024 models
Tested vehicle: 2024 Hyundai Elantra SEL 4-door 4wd
The Hyundai Elantra was redesigned for the 2021 model year. Beginning with 2024 models, reinforcements were added to the door beam, B-pillar and sill and a rear seat thorax airbag was added in addition to a pre-tensioning retractor with load limiter to the rear seatbelts. These changes were implemented to improve occupant safety in side impact crashes. Side 2.0 ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test of a 2024 Elantra conducted by Hyundai as part of side crash test verification.
| Overall evaluation | G |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | G |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | G |
| Torso | A |
| Pelvis | A |
| Driver head protection | G |
| Rear passenger injury measures | |
| Head/neck | G |
| Torso | A |
| Pelvis | G |
| Rear passenger head protection | G |
Technical measurements for this test
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | VTS2338 |
|---|---|
| B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat (cm) | -23.0 |
| Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline. | |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | VTS2338 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 189 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 1.4 |
| Compression (kN) | -0.6 |
| Shoulder | |
| Lateral deflection (mm) | 28 |
| Lateral force (kN) | 1.9 |
| Torso | |
| Maximum deflection (mm) | 32 |
| Average deflection (mm) | 30 |
| Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 4.27 |
| Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.66 |
| Pelvis | |
| Combined force (kN) | 4.9 |
Passenger injury measures
| Test ID | VTS2338 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 167 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.5 |
| Compression (kN) | -0.7 |
| Shoulder | |
| Lateral deflection (mm) | 30 |
| Lateral force (kN) | 0.8 |
| Torso | |
| Maximum deflection (mm) | 38 |
| Average deflection (mm) | 35 |
| Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 4.51 |
| Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.69 |
| Pelvis | |
| Combined force (kN) | 2.5 |
How the side crash test is conducted
Headlights
Trim level(s)
All trims
| Low-beam headlight type | LED projector |
|---|---|
| High-beam headlight type | LED projector |
| Curve-adaptive? | No |
| High-beam assist? | Yes |
| Overall rating | G |
| Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination: | |
Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on the left side of the road and fair on the right side. On curves, visibility was good in all 4 tests.
The low beams never exceeded glare limits.
High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on the right side of the road and inadequate on the left side. On curves, visibility was good on the gradual right curve and fair on the sharp right and both left curves.
High-beam assist compensates for some limitations of this vehicle's low beams on the straightaway and on both left curves.
Technical measurements for this test
| Trim level(s) |
|
|---|---|
| Low-beam headlight type | LED projector |
| High-beam headlight type | LED projector |
| Curve-adaptive? | No |
| High-beam assist? | Yes |
| Overall rating Applies to 2024 models | G |
| LOW BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) | Amount glare exceeded threshold |
|---|---|---|
| Straightaway right edge | 91.0 m | None |
| Straightaway left edge | 63.6 m | None |
| 250m radius right curve, right edge | 72.7 m | None |
| 250m radius left curve, left edge | 67.9 m | None |
| 150m radius right curve, right edge | 61.0 m | None |
| 150m radius left curve, left edge | 56.0 m | None |
| HIGH BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
|---|---|
| Straightaway right edge | 162.4 m |
| Straightaway left edge | 118.8 m |
| 250m radius right curve, right edge | 77.4 m |
| 250m radius left curve, left edge | 72.4 m |
| 150m radius right curve, right edge | 62.0 m |
| 150m radius left curve, left edge | 57.5 m |
How headlights are evaluated
Front crash prevention: pedestrian
Rating applies to all 2024 models
System details
- standard Forward Collision-Avoidance Assist
| Overall evaluation | G |
| Includes high-beam assist credit |
Crossing child — day
- In the 12 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision.
- In the 25 mph test, impact speed was reduced by 20 mph.
Crossing adult — night
- In the 12 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision when using its high beams. When using its low beams, this vehicle avoided a collision.
- In the 25 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision when using its high beams. When using its low beams, impact speed was reduced by 20 mph.
Parallel adult — night
- In the 25 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision when using its high beams. When using its low beams, this vehicle avoided a collision.
- In the 37 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision when using its high beams and a warning was issued 2.1 seconds before impact. When using its low beams, impact speed was reduced by 27 mph and a warning was issued 1.3 seconds before impact.
How front crash prevention is evaluated
Seat belt reminders
Rating applies to 2024 models
| Overall evaluation | A |
|---|---|
| Front row | |
| Unbelted occupant alert (audible & visual) | |
| Initiation time | |
| Duration | Long enough (90+ seconds) |
| Volume | |
| Audio frequency | |
| Second row | |
| Startup status alert (visual) | None |
Technical measurements for this test
| Background cabin sound pressure level at 24 km/h | 50 dB |
| Audible signal sound pressure level at 24 km/h | 66 dB |
| Difference between background and signal | 16.3 dB |
| Background cabin sound pressure level at 40 km/h | 52 dB |
| Audible signal sound pressure level at 40 km/h | 66 dB |
| Difference between background and signal | 13.2 dB |
| Dominant audio frequency | 552 Hz |
How seat belt reminders are evaluated
Child seat anchors
Rating applies to 2021-24 models
| Overall evaluation | A |
| Vehicle trim | SE |
| Seat type | cloth |
This vehicle has 2 rear seating positions with complete child seat attachment (LATCH) hardware.
It has 1 additional seating position with a tether anchor only.
| Overall evaluation | A |
| Vehicle trim | SE |
| Seat type | cloth |
| G | Good |
| A | Acceptable |
| M | Marginal |
| P | Poor |
| Seating positions that rely on borrowed lower anchors or have only a tether anchor available are not rated. | |
thether anchor symbol | Tether anchor |
lower anchor symbol | Lower anchors |
shared lower achors symbol | Lower anchor(s) can be borrowed from adjacent positions(s) |
| No hardware available |
Details by seating position
| 1 | |
|---|---|
| Tether anchor | |
| easy-to-find location | |
| no other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
| Lower anchors | |
| too deep in seat | |
| not too much force needed to attach | |
| easy to maneuver around anchors | |
| 2 | |
| Tether anchor | |
| easy-to-find location | |
| no other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
| Lower anchors | |
| none available | |
| 3 | |
| Tether anchor | |
| easy-to-find location | |
| no other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
| Lower anchors | |
| too deep in seat | |
| not too much force needed to attach | |
| easy to maneuver around anchors |
Technical measurements for this test
Seat position 21
3
| Lower anchor A | |
|---|---|
| Open access rated | No |
| Depth (cm) | 2-4 |
| Force (lbs) | 25 |
| Clearance angle (degrees) | 67 |
| Lower anchor B | |
| Open access rated | No |
| Depth (cm) | 2-4 |
| Force (lbs) | 13 |
| Clearance angle (degrees) | 73 |
| Tether anchor | |
| Location | Rear deck |
| Confusing hardware present | No |
| Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor | No |
Seat position 22
2
| Lower anchor A | |
|---|---|
| No lower latch for this seat position | |
| Lower anchor B | |
| No lower latch for this seat position | |
| Tether anchor | |
| Location | Rear deck |
| Confusing hardware present | No |
| Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor | No |
Seat position 23
1
| Lower anchor A | |
|---|---|
| Open access rated | No |
| Depth (cm) | 2-4 |
| Force (lbs) | 13 |
| Clearance angle (degrees) | 74 |
| Lower anchor B | |
| Open access rated | No |
| Depth (cm) | 2-4 |
| Force (lbs) | 30 |
| Clearance angle (degrees) | 69 |
| Tether anchor | |
| Location | Rear deck |
| Confusing hardware present | No |
| Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor | No |
How child seat anchors are evaluated
